While
Higher Criticism began with the Old Testament it has, of course, applied the
same critical theories to the New Testament. Strauss (Life of Jesus,
1855) developed the mythical theory, subjecting the gospel narratives to a
destructive criticism. Baur, founder of the Tübingen school, alleged that the
early church was rent by a schism between a Petrine and a Pauline party, as
seen in the four epistles which he recognized as genuine epistles of Paul:
Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, and Romans, and in Revelation. Acts, he held,
was written in the second century in an effort to gloss over these differences.
The Fourth Gospel was dated about 170 A.D.
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